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> 3D map of the surface of Mars from Google
Study the detailed 3D map of the surface of Mars from Google: moving map, high-quality photos with dimensions, history of the planet, temperature, Olympus, pyramids, face.
Appendix " Maps of Mars in 3D»Invites you to take an exciting journey through surface"Red planet", but first, let's take a closer look at this amazing part of our solar system.
Mars surface structure
Mars is a representative of the terrestrial group of planets, where Mercury, Venus and Earth lead. Unlike the rest of the planets, which appear before us as gas giants, this group has a metal core and a rocky surface.
This planet, like the four it enters into, consists of a liquid core, mantle and crust, but the thickness of the layers is different for each. The density of Mercury on average is 5.4 g / cm³ (for the Earth this parameter is slightly higher - 5.5 g / cm³), it has a liquid core, consisting mostly of iron and nickel. The core of Venus has a similar composition, but with a somewhat low density - 5.2 g / cm³.
The average thickness of the earth's crust on Mars is 30 km for land, and 5 km from the surface of the bottom at sea. The planet's core consists of two parts: the outer one, which begins at a depth of 5100 km and consists of a molten alloy of iron + nickel; and internal - having a similar chemical composition but with a more solid structure. Surface density - 5.520 g / cm³. The red planet is half the size of the Earth.
Dimensions of the planet Mars
The radius of Mars is 3.389 km, and its circumference is 21.3 thousand km. Volume - 1.63 ¹¹ km³, weight is at around 6.41 ²⁴ kg. When compared to the Earth, the diameter of the Martian planet is 53% of the Earth's, and the surface area is 38%. A three-dimensional map of the surface of Mars confirms that the total area of this planet is equal to the sum of the area of all earthly continents. Its mass is only 11% of the earth's, and the volume is 15% compared to our earthly home. Mars is smaller than its relative Mercury, but its unique world attracts with its mystery, and magnifying 3d maps of Mars allow you to examine it in detail.
Surface of mars
Although Mars cannot boast of its size, the largest mountain in the solar system, Olympus (21.2 km), located on its surface, retains the splendor of the dignity of the planet.
Surface of mars completely cracked and the deepest is the Mariner Valley. Using the program, you can examine in detail all the basins of the planet and volcanoes, which are considered the largest in the solar system.
Interactive NASA maps will tell about the most prestigious region of Mars - Cydonia, where the most mysterious formations are concentrated: "Face on Mars" and "Sphinx". Thanks to high-resolution photographs taken by orbiting scouts, you will have the opportunity to get much closer to Mars. The surface formation "Sphinx", its appearance resembles a pyramid built by an extraterrestrial civilization. Although, in fact, this and other mysteries of the red planet are nothing more than a miracle of the relief.
Mars surface temperature from Mars Global Surveyor
The daily surface temperature of the planet Mars ranges from -65 ° C to -120 ° C. The thermal emission spectrometer, aboard the Mars Global Surveyor probe, has provided a detailed temperature map of Mars.
The nighttime surface temperature describes the t scale, where the warmest places on the planet are indicated in white, and the coldest areas are colored red, yellow and green, and the coldest is shown in blue.
The data was taken at the time of the passage of the device, over the night side of Mars. The map shows that it is winter in the southern part of Mars, while summer is in the northern part of the Martian planet.
"Sphinx", "Face on Mars" and "Pyramids"
"Face" on Mars
Numerous mountains and pyramids located on the surface of Mars have even symmetry. Photos taken in the 70s by the Viking spacecraft looked like a face, so many speculated about the existence extraterrestrial civilization... But, as it turned out later, it was the photos taken in poor quality that were to blame.
One of the images wore perfect symmetry, similar to a face, which became food for controversy for many scientists. However, the whole intrigue ended when the photos were obtained in higher quality.
"The face on Mars" turned out to be nothing more than a hill, similar outlines of which can be observed on Earth. Such formations are often created under the influence of ice or constant wind, a vivid example of this are the Assiniboine mountain in Canada, Thielsen in the USA and Matterhorn in Switzerland.
History of Mars
Mars was once warm and humid, but now it is a dry and cold planet. NASA rovers transmit data that the climate on ancient planet was warm enough and the surface held water. Confirmation of this conclusion is the chemical found by the probe. substances that can only be created in the presence of moisture. Scientists also suggest that some reliefs could not have been created without the participation of the deep water.
It is interesting to look at the supposed map of Mars in the past, to look back several billion years ago. Kevin Gill, the astronomer who created visualizations of the real Mars in the past, used a laser range meter located on spaceship Mars Global Surveyor.
The oceans and seas recreated on Mars were created taking into account the flooding of deep valleys, so they only "predict" the water structure of the planet.
The clouds displayed are also freeform creation. The information for their "reconstruction" was taken from the NASA Blue Marble project. A more accurate name for this water map would be Mars after many years of asteroid formation and reception.
Gas - methane
For many, Mars is a cold world with a red surface, but when methane was found on its surface, the opinion of many changed.
Why is methane present in the Martian atmosphere? There can be only two explanations for this: biological and geological. Quite a few people want to believe in the first reason, but the likelihood of the emergence of life on Mars is negligible. The second is volcanism. Satellite maps show that there are not so many volcanic clusters on the planet. The largest is the Tharsis plateau, which gave birth to four volcanoes, one of which is Olympus.
If you look closer at the Tharsis plateau, on the right you can see the Labyrinth of Night and three mountains in the very center: Arsia, Pavlina, Askriyskaya. The program "3d maps of Mars" allows you to get closer to these mountains and make a trip near their foothills, just by clicking once on the mouse button.
Methane gas tends to quickly degrade when exposed to sunlight and wind, so it is logical to conclude that the sources of methane emissions must be constantly active. The created map of Mars does not allow to accurately convey the location of all sources of methane, but this problem will be solved by the probe "Mangalyaan" launched to the surface, the purpose of which is to collect accurate data.
Methane is under close scrutiny by astrobiologists, as it is generally known that most of this gas on Earth is produced by microscopic organisms. And besides, the red color of the planet is partly due to the release of methane.
Geological data on the surface of Mars
The absence of tectonic plates would allow volcanoes to erupt for hundreds or millions of years. The Mars map reports a large number of constant eruptions, which contain a large percentage of iron. The "iron" surface was gradually oxidized under the influence of the Martian atmosphere, so this is a suitable explanation for why the planet's surface is covered with a red film.
The past of the Red Planet
Researchers believe that Mars was much larger before, but a powerful impact, after which the North Polar Basin was left, suggests that the planet has lost some of its mass. Upon closer examination of the surface, this conclusion seems justified.
It should be noted that the research carried out by the Hubble shuttle does not fully represent the mysterious world of Mars. But an interactive map in 3d will allow for deeper research. Thousands of photographs taken by space probes were taken into account when creating this map. A detailed map of the surface of Mars, made it possible to make studies of probes Mars Odyssey, Mars Express and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. These space probes made it possible to see the beauty of the planet's surface and structure. Interactive 3d map from Google, will captivate you with the landscapes of Mars without leaving your home. This is a fairly simple and intuitive application that allows you to zoom in and see the corners of the red planet, previously inaccessible to the human eye. Karata is available online, so its research and study is available to everyone: both amateurs and scientists located anywhere in the world.
Hypsometric map of the surface of Mars
The map was created on the basis of the research of the laser altimeter, the space probe "Mars Global Surveyor". Here peaks up to 10 km high are marked in red, and all higher mountains are indicated in pink and white-pink. The colors for the hollows are green and blue. Exploring this map, you will notice that the northern part of the planet is slightly lower in height than the southern one. From the words of scientists, it becomes clear that the northern part in the past was filled with water, moreover, these words are confirmed by the gravitational map of the red planet.
Images transmitted from the unmanned research station Mars Global Surveyor also allowed a closer look at the outline of the coastline. This detailed map allows you to view the Hellas Basin as well as the four inactive volcanoes located on the Farsis Plateau. These pictures are quite detailed, but the best of all is the Mariners Valley, which is a tectonic fault, the total length of which is 5 thousand km. It is worth emphasizing with special pride that this map was created by our fellow countrymen, who took as a basis the data obtained from American space probes. Special efforts were made by Zh. F. Rodinova.
Topographic designations of the surface of Mars
The modern map, compiled by the efforts of the latest spacecraft, contains new names for landforms, along with old geographical and mythological names. This newest map of Mars reveals that the highest elevation is Tharsis and the annular depression in the south is Hellas. Many valleys are called planets in different languages of the peoples of the Earth. For example, the Valley of Hrat - which means "Mars" in Armenian, and the Valley of Maadim - in Hebrew.
However, there is one exception in the names - this is the Mariner Valley, which bears the name of the Mariner 9 spacecraft, which filmed this surface in detail. Small valleys were named after the rivers of the Earth. Arsia is a classic albedo education. Zhemchuzhny Bay is the name of the Indian subcontinent, where pearls were searched for in ancient times.
Craters on the surface of the "Red Planet"
Any detailed map of Mars shows that the craters on this planet are different from those on the Moon and Mercury. Even small craters indicate the presence of erosion on their surface, which has arisen from the effects of water and wind.
The moon and Mercury have no liquid or atmosphere, but all of this was on Mars millions of years ago. The largest craters: Huygens - 470 km, with a depth of 4 km; Schiaparelli - 465 km in size, with a depth of 2 km; Cassini - 411 km in diameter. Satellite map Mars 2014 shows that in places where ice breaks up from the surface, radial ejections of soil are observed. What is characteristic - such ground emissions are found in craters located in the north of the planet.
Cards
Large Red Planet Map - Provides a good physical map of Mars. This map was compiled by the staff of the popular science magazine National Geographic, whose authority is recognized throughout the world, so these works are of particular interest, for people not thinking life without knowledge of space.
Advice. To open the map created by National Geographic in high definition, download it to your computer. This operation is quite simple: after the map is fully opened in the browser, click on the left mouse button and select "save as" and specify a convenient folder for saving.
Curiosity rover
The translation of the name of the comic off-road vehicle Curiosity literally means "opportunity." The device is equipped with all the tools for collecting geochemical, geological and other information. It also has a nuclear radioisotope thermogenerator, so the Curiosity rover is capable of collecting and transmitting a mass of photographs, which are then glued and studied by scientists. Thanks to the images of this equipment, we have the opportunity to take a closer look at Hale Crater, located in a very interesting region of the planet. Curiosity shots are essentially delivering the most amazing and most mysterious photographs that we can enjoy viewing, everyone at home.
Even the most recent spacecraft launched by NASA's R&D department cannot provide perfect detailing of the surface of Mars. The red planet map is constantly being updated and new / more powerful spacecraft are being launched into orbit. Interesting: the MRO probe - used by NASA has a 30-centimeter telescope capable of taking images with a resolution of 30 cm per pixel, despite the fact that the images are taken from an altitude of 250 km above the surface of Mars.
A detailed map of Mars was created with the active participation of the MRO spacecraft, Mars Odyssey, as well as the Mars Express probe from the European Space Agency.
By and large, a map of Mars is a combination of numerous images of different spacecraft combined together, so even a wall map of a standard size will be quite accurate. At the same time, using computer technologies, while sitting at home, you can view online the entire surface of Mars, without making any special efforts in managing the program.
Thanks to the efforts of the giant Google, it was possible to combine all the data to create an interactive 3d program. It is worth mentioning that the MRO probe took over the largest part of the research work... This map is the fruit of a joint collaboration between Google and NASA. Opening a map of Mars online allows a regular browser, for example Google Chrome or Ethernet Explorer, so an overview of the surface of the red planet is available to anyone today. In order to view the maps of Mars online, you just need to go to the global network and find the appropriate service. Maps will be especially interesting for people who are fond of astronomy, but detailed examination of maps and surprisingly interesting places will lure even amateur beginners. It is worth noting that humanity has not yet seen such a detailed study of Mars, therefore, the consideration and study of the red planet, using interactive 3d maps from Google, will allow a person of the twenty-first century to possess the most advanced information.
(3 estimates, average: 5,00 out of 5)
Pluto the decision of MAC (International Astronomical Union) no longer applies to the planets of the solar system, but is a dwarf planet and even smaller in diameter than another dwarf planet Eris. Pluto's designation is 134340.
solar system
Scientists put forward many versions of the origin of our solar system. In the forties of the last century, Otto Schmidt hypothesized that the solar system arose because cold dust clouds were attracted to the sun. Over time, clouds formed the foundations of future planets. V modern science it is Schmidt's theory that is basic. The solar system is only a small part of a large galaxy called Milky Way... More than one hundred billion different stars are included in the Milky Way. It took humanity thousands of years to realize such a simple truth. Opening solar system did not happen immediately, step by step, on the basis of victories and mistakes, a system of knowledge was formed. The main base for studying the solar system was knowledge about the Earth.
Fundamentals and Theories
The main milestones in the study of the solar system are the modern atomic system, the heliocentric system of Copernicus and Ptolemy. The most likely version of the origin of the system is considered the Big Bang theory. In accordance with it, the formation of the galaxy began with the "scattering" of the elements of the mega-system. At the turn of the impenetrable Hausa, our solar system was born. The basis of everything is the Sun - 99.8% of the total volume, the planets account for 0.13%, the remaining 0.0003% are various bodies of our system. Scientists have accepted the division of the planets into two conditional groups ... The first includes the planets of the Earth type: the Earth itself, Venus, Mercury. The main distinctive characteristics of the planets of the first group are relatively small area, hardness, and a small number of satellites. The second group includes Uranus, Neptune and Saturn - they are distinguished by their large sizes (giant planets), they are formed by helium and hydrogen gases.
In addition to the Sun and planets, our system also includes planetary satellites, comets, meteorites and asteroids.
Particular attention should be paid to the asteroid belts, which are located between Jupiter and Mars, and between the orbits of Pluto and Neptune. At the moment, science does not have an unambiguous version of the emergence of such formations.
Which planet is not considered a planet now:
Pluto from the time of its discovery until 2006 was considered a planet, but later in the outer part of the solar system many celestial bodies were discovered, comparable in size to Pluto and even exceeding it. To avoid confusion, the planet has been redefined. Pluto did not fall under this definition, so it was assigned a new "status" - a dwarf planet. So, Pluto can serve as an answer to the question: it used to be considered a planet, but now it is not. However, some scientists continue to believe that Pluto should be reclassified back to planet.
Scientists' predictions
Based on research, scientists say that the sun is approaching the middle of its life path. It is inconceivable to imagine what will happen if the Sun goes out. But scientists say this is not only possible, but inevitable. The age of the Sun was determined with the help of the latest computer developments and it was found that it is about five billion years old. According to astronomical law, the life of a star like the Sun lasts about ten billion years. Thus, our solar system is in the middle of its life cycle. What do scientists mean by the word "extinguish"? Huge solar energy is the energy of hydrogen, which becomes helium in the core. Every second, about six hundred tons of hydrogen in the Sun's core is converted into helium. Scientists estimate that the Sun has already used up most of its hydrogen reserves.
If instead of the moon there were planets of the solar system:
Google Virtual Mars Map is an Internet application that is very similar to Google Earth, Mars map is also made on this engine. This color map of Mars is nothing more than topographic map Mars 3d. This gives us an idea of the heights of the area. This map of Mars by Google also allows you to switch between visible and infrared views in real time. The buttons for switching are in the upper right corner.
Control
In Google Mars Map, you can navigate up, down, left or right using the buttons indicated by the arrows in the upper left corner of the screen. To zoom in and out of the Google Mars map, simply move the tool slider. It is also on the left side.
This Mars Odyssey map is a mosaic of images taken from orbit.
If you're wondering why Google Mars maps are clearer in infrared, it's because clouds and dust on the planet are transparent to infrared light.
Additional features
In the search bar, you can search for objects of interest, for example Mount Olympus - Olympus mons and read its description and detailed pictures. Press "Backspace" to return to the map. There is also a search by pre-selected groups: spacecraft, mountains, volcanoes, craters, canyons, etc. To do this, click on the corresponding link to the right of the Google icon.
Topographic map of Mars
Pyramids and Face on Mars
If you don't know how to find pyramids on Google Mars, then it's pretty easy. Google Mars allows you to quickly search. You can see the coordinates on Google Mars, but the search does not work on them.
Region Cydonia
Kydonia, some translate as Sidonia, is a plateau located in the northern hemisphere of the planet and is famous for the fact that the numerous hills of this region, according to the first images of the Viking 1 orbiter, resembled a Face (by the way, Google Mars allows you to view in one click), the Sphinx and pyramids.
Subsequently, more detailed images of the Mars Odyssey and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft (the Google Mars service also uses their images) showed that these hills have nothing to do with the activities of the supposedly intelligent representatives of the planet, and what previously seemed to be quite meaningful figures appeared in the form the usual Martian landscape. However, interest in these formations does not fade away, and therefore the pyramids on Mars, Google Mars are quite easy to find. It is enough to type Cydonia in the search bar and switch to infrared mode. Satellite map of Mars Google shows the Face and just below the pyramid. We hope that with Google Mars, you will constantly discover new finds for yourself.
Google Mars pyramid coordinates are as follows - 40.75N, 9.46W. By the way, the planet Google Mars pyramid coordinates allows you to calculate quite easily, it is enough to select the object of interest and the necessary information of interest will appear in the drop-down menu.
Valle Marineris - Valles Marineris
The Mariner Valley is the longest and deepest canyon in the solar system. She is a companion of the highest mountain in the solar system - the Olympus volcano, which is also on the red planet. This pair demonstrates what extremes can be found using Google Mars online. To search for the valley, it is enough to type “Valles Marineris” in the command line of the map.
Valley dimensions
The Mariner Valley is about 4000 km long and 200 km wide, in some places the depth reaches 7 km. It runs along the equator and covers almost a quarter of the planet's circumference, or 59% of its diameter. The Google Mars map shows that the Mariner Valley system is a network of interconnected valleys that begin in the west, and Google shows this well. Noctis Labyrinthus or “Labyrinth of the Night” is considered the beginning of the Mariner Valley. The canyon traverses various chaotic areas (ridges, crevasses, and plains are mixed) before ending in the Chryse Planitia Basin.
The most common theory for the formation of such a huge canyon is that it was formed by stretching a layer of the surface. The theory is supported by erosion and destruction of the rift wall. Rift valleys are usually formed between two mountain ranges and during their formation.
Discovery history
The Mighty Canyon is named after NASA's Mariner 9 spacecraft, which first photographed it up close in 1971-1972. Mariner 9 was the first spacecraft to orbit another planet, ahead of the Mars 2 and Mars 3 missions.
The Mariner Valley on Mars has been the focus of many scientists due to its geological past. She points out that Mars was much more humid and warmer in the past. If you are looking for interesting places on Google Mars, then this valley is rightfully in the TOP5.
Software updates
In 2012, the Google Mars program was significantly updated. The reason for this was that by that time three orbiters were circling the orbit of the red planet, continuously surveying the surface in different ranges and with different resolutions.
Most of the Google Mars resource is now represented by images taken by the Context Camera (CTX), which is installed on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) satellite. The map of Mars in Google has a pretty good resolution - 6 meters per pixel - this is much better than most of the images of our Earth in Google Maps (about 15 meters per pixel) and significantly exceeds the previous photographs of the planet.
Telescope in orbit
The newest Google Mars map shows individual parts of the surface with a resolution of 25-30 cm per pixel! This is due to the HiRISE camera, which is installed on the MRO satellite. The HiRISE camera is actually a telescope with a main mirror 30 cm in diameter! Despite the monstrous detail, it will take many years to fully map the planet with such a resolution, so scientists are interested in the most relevant regions of the planet and the places of operation of the rovers, of which there are now two (Curiosity and Opportunity).
Photo collection transmitted by HiRISE camera
To view in full screen mode, use the button in the upper right.
Remember that the planet's vibrant colors are due to the fact that the camera captures part of the infrared range. Images obtained using different filters and wavelengths are necessary to identify various surface features and mineral deposits.
Google Mars has given a lot of attention to Gale Crater. A new version Google Mars shows fresh satellite images in a gray scale, so they are easy to distinguish from old ones and remember that these are not Google Mars artifacts, despite the fact that quite a lot of curious objects were found on the Google Mars map.
Lava tubes on the surface
Quite interesting formations are collapsed lava tubes - channels that are formed when the lava flows unevenly from the slopes of the volcano. So the virtual map of Mars allows you to watch not only well-known objects, but also quite rare geological formations. However, Google Mars maps are just high-detail images, so we recommend you Google Mars 3D maps, which convey the feeling of being on an alien planet quite well. It is especially pleasing that recently it has become possible to watch Google Mars in Russian. So the Mars Google Mars app is not only a good visualization and technology demonstration tool, but also a whole multimedia entertainment center that allows you to take exciting journeys across the red planet.
3D view
Google Mars 3D map allows you not only to explore the planet, but also to make a virtual trip, because relief map Mars is much more realistic conveys the surface of a distant planet. In 3D mode, users can enjoy the surface of the planet from a bird's eye view, as well as a 3D Google Mars map, which makes it possible to virtually navigate to the most popular objects, view the “Face on Mars” and the Olympus volcano.
This view from the Google Mars satellite was obtained using modern NASA Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars Express orbiters, as well as from the Mars Odyssey spacecraft.
A little about the planet itself
After Earth, it is practically the only place in the solar system that could shelter people. But there are many things that we must overcome on the red planet.
Orbit
The orbit of the planet "god of war" in eccentricity ranks second in the solar system. Only the orbit of Mercury has a greater eccentricity. At perihelion, it is located at a distance of 206.6 million km from the Sun, and at aphelion 249.2 million km. The average distance from it to the Sun (the so-called semi-major axis) is 228 million km. One revolution of Mars takes 687 Earth days. The distance to the Sun changes with the gravitational influence of other planets, and the eccentricity can change over time. More recently, about 1.350 million years ago, it had an almost circular orbit.
At its closest point, it is located about 55.7 million km from Earth. The planets are closest to each other every 26 months. Due to the enormous distance, a flight to Mars will take anywhere from 10 months to a year, depending on how much fuel we use.
The size
Mars is very small and the global topographic map of Mars shows that its area is very small. Mars is only 6,792 km across, about half the diameter, and only 10% of the mass of the Earth. The Google Mars Satellite Map allows you to view the planet as if you could stand on its surface. Mars, but unfortunately, does not convey to us that we would experience only 30% of the force of gravity on the surface of the Earth.
Seasons
Mars, like all planets in the solar system, has an axis tilt of about 25.19 degrees. This tilt is similar to Earth's, so it has seasons. The Martian seasons are longer than the Terrestrial ones, because the year on it is almost twice as long as the Terrestrial year. The dramatically varying distance between Mars at aphelion and perihelion means that its seasons are unbalanced.
Day
One day on Mars is only a few minutes longer than on Earth. You can adapt quickly. Another advantage is that the tilt of the Martian axis is very similar to the Earth's, it is a pity that the map of Mars online from the satellite does not show this.
Conditions
But Mars has a very inhospitable environment... Its, is only 1% of the thickness of the Earth's atmosphere. It is composed primarily of carbon dioxide. You cannot breathe in such an atmosphere. at night it can drop to -100 ° C, even at the height of summer at the equator. Interactive map Mars in high resolution shows huge polar ice caps at the planet's poles.
One of the most important problems is the planet's lack of a magnetosphere. Here on Earth, radioactive particles from space are deflected away from the surface, but there is no protection on Mars.
B finally, I recommend watching the popular science film Mars: Underground (The Mars Underground).
Aerospace engineer and President of the Martian Community, Robert Zubrin dreams of sending humans to the red planet in the next 10 years.
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